Description

Lapatinib is indicated in combination with: Capecitabine for the treatment of patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer whose tumors overexpress human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and who have received prior therapy including an Anthracycline, a Taxane, and Trastuzumab. Limitations of Use: Patients should have disease progression on Trastuzumab prior to initiation of treatment with Lapatinib in combination with Capecitabine. Letrozole for the treatment of postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer that overexpresses the HER2 receptor for whom hormonal therapy is indicated. Lapatinib in combination with an aromatase inhibitor has not been compared to a Trastuzumab-containing chemotherapy regimen for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.

Lapatinib is contraindicated in patients with known severe hypersensitivity (e.g., anaphylaxis) to this product or any of its components.

The most common adverse reactions during treatment with Lapatinib plus Capecitabine were diarrhea, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia, nausea, rash, vomiting, and fatigue. The most common adverse reactions during treatment with Lapatinib plus Letrozole were diarrhea, rash, nausea, and fatigue.

Based on findings in animal studies and its mechanism of action, Lapatinib can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. There are no available human data to inform of the drug-associated risks. Advise pregnant women and females of reproductive potential of the potential risk to the fetus. There are no data on the presence of Lapatinib in human milk, or its effects on the breastfed child, or milk production. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in a breastfed child from Lapatinib, advise lactating women not to breastfeed during treatment with Lapatinib and for 1 week after the last dose.

Decreased Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction: Lapatinib has been reported to decrease LVEF. In clinical trials, the majority (greater than 57%) of LVEF decreases occurred within the first 12 weeks of treatment; however, data on longterm exposure are limited. Caution should be taken if Lapatinib is to be administered to patients with conditions that could impair left ventricular function. LVEF should be evaluated in all patients prior to initiation of treatment with Lapatinib to ensure that the patient has a baseline LVEF that is within the institution’s normal limits. LVEF should continue to be evaluated during treatment with Lapatinib to ensure that LVEF does not decline below the institution’s normal limits. Hepatotoxicity: Hepatotoxicity [alanine aminotransferase, (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase, (AST) greater than 3 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) and total bilirubin greater than 2 times the ULN] has been observed in clinical trials (less than 1% of patients) and postmarketing experience. The hepatotoxicity may be severe and deaths have been reported. Causality of the deaths is uncertain. The hepatotoxicity may occur days to several months after initiation of treatment. Liver function tests (transaminases, bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatase) should be monitored before initiation of treatment, every 4 to 6 weeks during treatment, and as clinically indicated. If changes in liver function are severe, therapy with Lapatinib should be discontinued and patients should not be retreated with Lapatinib. Patients With Severe Hepatic Impairment: If Lapatinib is to be administered to patients with severe preexisting hepatic impairment, dose reduction should be considered. In patients who develop severe hepatotoxicity while on therapy, Lapatinib should be discontinued and patients should not be retreated with Lapatinib. Diarrhea: Diarrhea has been reported during treatment with Lapatinib. The diarrhea may be severe, and deaths have been reported. Diarrhea generally occurs early during treatment with Lapatinib, with almost half of those patients with diarrhea first experiencing it within 6 days. This usually lasts 4 to 5 days. Lapatinib-induced diarrhea is usually low-grade, with severe diarrhea of NCI CTCAE Grades 3 and 4 occurring in less than 10% and less than 1% of patients, respectively. Early identification and intervention is critical for the optimal management of diarrhea. Patients should be instructed to report any change in bowel patterns immediately. Prompt treatment of diarrhea with antidiarrheal agents (such as Loperamide) after the first unformed stool is recommended. Severe cases of diarrhea may require administration of oral or intravenous electrolytes and fluids, use of antibiotics such as Fluoroquinolones (especially if diarrhea is persistent beyond 24 hours, there is fever, or Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia), and interruption or discontinuation of therapy with Lapatinib. Interstitial Lung Disease/Pneumonitis: Lapatinib has been associated with interstitial lung disease and pneumonitis in monotherapy or in combination with other chemotherapies. Patients should be monitored for pulmonary symptoms indicative of interstitial lung disease or pneumonitis. Lapatinib should be discontinued in patients who experience pulmonary symptoms indicative of interstitial lung disease/pneumonitis which are greater than or equal to Grade 3 (NCI CTCAE v3.0). QT Prolongation: A concentration-dependent QT prolongation has been associated with Lapatinib. Monitor patients who have or may develop prolongation of QTc during treatment with Lapatinib. These conditions include patients with hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia, with congenital long QT syndrome, patients taking antiarrhythmic medicines or other medicinal products with known risk for QT prolongation/ Torsades de Pointes (TdP), and cumulative high-dose anthracycline therapy. Correct hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia prior to Lapatinib administration. Severe Cutaneous Reactions: Severe cutaneous reactions have been reported with Lapatinib. If life-threatening reactions such as erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, or toxic epidermal necrolysis (e.g., progressive skin rash often with blisters or mucosal lesions) are suspected, discontinue treatment with Lapatinib.

Dose Modification Guidelines: Cardiac Events: Lapatinib should be discontinued in patients with a decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) that is Grade 2 or greater by National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI CTCAE v3.0), and in patients with an LVEF that drops below the institution’s lower limit of normal (LLN) and Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. Lapatinib in combination with Capecitabine may be restarted at a reduced dose (1,000 mg/day) and in combination with Letrozole may be restarted at a reduced dose of 1,250 mg/day after a minimum of 2 weeks if the LVEF recovers to normal and the patient is asymptomatic. Hepatic Impairment: Patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class C) should have their dose of Lapatinib reduced. A dose reduction from 1,250 mg/day to 750 mg/day (HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer indication) or from 1,500 mg/day to 1,000 mg/day (hormone receptor-positive, HER2-positive breast cancer indication) in patients with severe hepatic impairment is predicted to adjust the area under the curve (AUC) to the normal range and should be considered. However, there are no clinical data with this dose adjustment in patients with severe hepatic impairment. Diarrhea: Lapatinib should be interrupted in patients with diarrhea which is NCI CTCAE Grade 3 or Grade 1 or 2 with complicating features (moderate to severe abdominal cramping, nausea or vomiting greater than or equal to NCI CTCAE Grade 2, decreased performance status, fever, sepsis, neutropenia, frank bleeding, or dehydration). Lapatinib may be reintroduced at a lower dose (reduced from 1,250 mg/day to 1,000 mg/day or from 1,500 mg/day to 1,250 mg/day) when diarrhea resolves to Grade 1 or less. TYKERB should be permanently discontinued in patients with diarrhea which is NCI CTCAE Grade 4. Concomitant Strong CYP3A4 Inhibitors: The concomitant use of strong CYP3A4 inhibitors should be avoided (e.g., Ketoconazole, Itraconazole, Clarithromycin, Atazanavir, Indinavir, Nefazodone, Nelfinavir, Ritonavir, Saquinavir, Telithromycin, Voriconazole). Grapefruit may also increase plasma concentrations of Lapatinib and should be avoided. If patients must be coadministered, a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, based on pharmacokinetic studies, a dose reduction to 500 mg/day of Lapatinib is predicted to adjust the Lapatinib AUC to the range observed without inhibitors and should be considered. However, there are no clinical data with this dose adjustment in patients receiving strong CYP3A4 inhibitors. If the strong inhibitor is discontinued, a washout period of approximately 1 week should be allowed before the Lapatinib dose is adjusted upward to the indicated dose. Concomitant Strong CYP3A4 Inducers: The concomitant use of strong CYP3A4 inducers should be avoided (e.g., Dexamethasone, Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, Rifampin, Rifabutin, Rifapentin, Phenobarbital, St. John’s wort). If patients must be coadministered a strong CYP3A4 inducer, based on pharmacokinetic studies, the dose of Lapatinib should be titrated gradually from 1,250 mg/day up to 4,500 mg/day (HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer indication) or from 1,500 mg/day up to 5,500 mg/day (hormone receptor-positive, HER2-positive breast cancer indication) based on tolerability. This dose of Lapatinib is predicted to adjust the Lapatinib AUC to the range observed without inducers and should be considered. However, there are no clinical data with this dose adjustment in patients receiving strong CYP3A4 inducers. If the strong inducer is discontinued the Lapatinib dose should be reduced to the indicated dose. Other Toxicities: Discontinuation or interruption of dosing with Lapatinib may be considered when patients develop greater than or equal to Grade 2 NCI CTCAE toxicity, and can be restarted at the standard dose of 1,250 or 1,500 mg/day when the toxicity improves to Grade 1 or less. If the toxicity recurs, then Lapatinib in combination with Capecitabine should be restarted at a lower dose (1,000 mg/day) and in combination with Letrozole should be restarted at a lower dose of 1,250 mg/day. Or as directed by the registered physician.

There is no known antidote for overdoses of Lapatinib. The maximum oral doses of Lapatinib that have been administered in clinical trials are 1,800 mg once daily. More frequent ingestion of Lapatinib could result in serum concentrations exceeding those observed in clinical trials and could result in increased toxicity. Therefore, missed doses should not be replaced and dosing should resume with the next scheduled daily dose. Asymptomatic and symptomatic cases of overdose have been reported. The doses ranged from 2,500 to 9,000 mg daily and where reported, the duration varied between 1 and 17 days. Symptoms observed include Lapatinib-associated events and in some cases sore scalp, sinus tachycardia (with otherwise normal ECG), and/or mucosal inflammation. Because Lapatinib is not significantly renally excreted and is highly bound to plasma proteins, hemodialysis would not be expected to be an effective method to enhance the elimination of Lapatinib. Treatment of overdose with Lapatinib should consist of general supportive measures.